Preheat the oven to 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Pat the chicken dry with paper towels.
Put the chicken in a roasting pan, baking dish, or on a sturdy sheet tray and brush the chicken all over with olive oil.
Stuff the cavity with the fresh herbs, if using.
Season the chicken with salt, pepper, and Herbes de Provence.
Halve lemons, remove the seeds, and place in the corners of the roasting pan.
Halve a head of garlic. Brush with olive oil, season with salt and pepper, then place in the roasting pan.
Roast the chicken for 30 minutes, then remove from the oven. Baste with the pan drippings and check the chicken for temperature. If you have used a small chicken or your oven runs hot, it may be done. If so, remove the chicken from the oven and set on a cutting board to rest.
If is it not done, return the chicken to the oven and let cook for an additional 15 to 30 minutes, or until an instant-read thermometer inserted into the thickest part of the thigh shows an internal temperature of 165 degrees Fahrenheit.
Let the chicken rest for about 10 minutes, then serve!